2024 WAEC GCE FIRST SERIES (JANUARY) CIVIC: 2024 WAEC GCE First Series CIVIC EDUCATION QUESTIONS and ANSWERS (2700)

(1)

1. Discrimination: One of the biggest impediments to individual and group rights is discrimination. This can take the form of racial, gender, age, sexual orientation, and religious discrimination. When individuals or groups are discriminated against, their basic rights and freedoms can be threatened and limited.

2. Lack of access to education and employment: Education and employment are two key factors that enable individuals and groups to exercise their rights and achieve equality in society. Without access to these resources, individuals and groups can be limited in their ability to fully participate in society and exercise their rights.

3. Corruption and abuse of power: Corruption and the abuse of power by those in positions of authority can also limit individual and group rights. This can take the form of bribery, nepotism, and political manipulation. When those in power abuse their authority, it can be difficult for individuals and groups to have their rights protected and upheld.

4. Economic inequality: Economic inequality can also limit the ability of individuals and groups to exercise their rights. When some individuals or groups have access to greater resources and wealth, they are more likely to be able to exercise their rights and have a greater impact on society.

5. Lack of political representation: Another impediment to individual and group rights is a lack of political representation. When individuals or groups do not have a 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' voice in the political process, it can be difficult for them to have their rights and concerns recognized and addressed. This can lead to a sense of alienation and disempowerment, further limiting their ability to exercise their rights.

(2a)

Traffic regulation can be defined as the rules and regulations which guide the behavior or action of road users. This is in place in order to prevent accidents and enhance the free flow of traffic.

(2b)

(i) Poor public transport systems

(ii) Rising number of personnel vehicles

(iii) Obstacles in the road causing a blockage and merger

(iv) Bad vehicle/motor maintenance culture in Nigeria

(v) Too many trucks on the road due to inadequate rail freight opportunities

(vi) Overdevelopment in areas where the mass transit system is already overcrowded and the road system is inadequate.

(3)

[PICK FIVE ONLY] 

(i) It breeds children with good leadership/citizenship qualities.

(ii) It nurtures children to know and perform their duties and obligations in the society

(iii) It trains  children to abhor criminal acts/reduce crime in the society.

(iv) It trains children to know their rights and how to secure them.

(v) It trains children to be patriotic/nationalistic.

(vi) It trains children to be peace loving. 

(vii) It trains children to uphold law and order/rule of law.

(viii) It trains children to abhor social vices/problems.

(ix) It trains children to be politically active.

(4a)

i. It can cause Physical and Psychological Trauma in people especially children and women.

ii. It can result to Loss of Dignity and Self-esteem among Women and children who are trafficked are often stripped of their dignity and self-esteem. 

iii. Trafficking can result in the separation of families and communities where Women and children are often taken away from their homes and may never see their families again.

iv. Trafficking disrupts the local economy by providing a cheap source of labor and undermining the rights of workers which can lead to a decline in wages and conditions for local workers.

V. Trafficking often leads to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and other illnesses, which can have a serious impact on public health and this can also lead to the further marginalization of women and children who are affected by these diseases, making it more difficult for them to reintegrate into society.

(4b). 

I). The convention on right of the child.

ii). The International convention on economic, Social and cultural right.

iii). The protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in person, specially women and children supplementing the united nation convention against Transnational Organized Crimes. 

iv). The convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women.

v). The protocol against the smuggling of Migrants.

(5a)

(i) Genetic differences: Some individuals have some variations in their DNA that result in enzymes that don’t work as well. Variations affecting the enzyme’s active site that binds to drugs, however, can cripple its ability to break down a drug. 

(ii) Drug interactions: Some drugs block the active site of the liver enzyme so it can’t be reused, preventing other drugs from binding to it and getting metabolized. As drug concentrations rise, so does the risk of side effects. 

(iii) Inflammation: Immune systems of some people may also attack unaffected areas and result in chronic inflammation that can damage tissues and joints, or even increase the risk of heart disease. Some livers cannot make as many drug-metabolizing enzymes, which results in a decline in drug breakdown. 

(5b)

[PICK THREE ONLY] 

(i) Parental Intervention: Parents can begin to serve as good role models and mentors for their children to emulate. Parental education of children about the dangers of drug abuse will go a long way to reduce the rate of drug abuse in society.

(ii) Public Enlightenment Campaign and Seminars: There should be regular campaign programmes and seminars where the public can be educated on the dangers of drug abuse to the individual, family and society at large.

(iii) Religious Intervention: Our religious bodies should sensitize their followers to the negative effects of drug abuse. The campaign should be emphasized 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' in their various gatherings until there is a positive response.

(iv) Media Campaign: The existing media in the country should promote programmes that would prevent the youths from going into the illegal use of drugs. If the print and electronic media can engage in this kind of campaign it will help to reduce drug abuse in society.

(v) Sales should be done by professionals: The sales and management of drugs should be done by qualified professionals such as pharmacists and doctors. People without expertise should not be allowed to transact drugs.

(vi) Adequate Punishment for Offenders: There should be strict laws and adequate punishment for those who deal drugs illegally.

(vii) School Intervention: Drug abuse, its negative effects and consequences should be made part of our school curriculum. Students should be taught how to live responsibly in society without depending on drugs.

(viii) Provision of Employment: Some people are involved in the abuse of drugs as a result of poverty and joblessness. When such people are engaged in productive ventures it will reduce their dependence on drugs.

(ix) Effective Drug Law Enforcement Agencies: The existing agencies in charge of drug law enforcement in Nigeria should be well equipped to enable them to carry out their responsibilities effectively.

7a)

1. Equality before the law: All individuals are equal in the eyes of the law, regardless of their social, economic, or political status. No one is above the law, and everyone must abide by it.

2. Fairness: The law must be applied fairly and impartially to all individuals, and the administration of justice must be free from bias, prejudice, and discrimination.

3. Predictability: The law must be clear, consistent, and predictable so that individuals and organizations can plan their affairs with certainty.

4. Accessibility: The law must be accessible to all individuals, and the legal system must be transparent and easily understood by everyone.

5. Independent judiciary: The judiciary must be independent and impartial, and its decisions must be based on the law, not political or other extraneous considerations. The judiciary must be free from political influence, corruption, and other forms of interference, so that it can act as a guardian of the rule of law.

(7b)

1. 1. Limiting the powers of the government: The rule of law sets clear limits on the 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' powers of the government and ensures that those powers are exercised within the bounds of the law. This prevents the government from acting arbitrarily or excessively, and ensures that individuals have a clear understanding of what the government can and cannot do.

2. 2. Providing legal remedies: The rule of law provides individuals with a range of legal remedies to address grievances or violations of their rights by the government. This includes access to the courts and the ability to challenge government actions in court.

3. 3. Ensuring due process: The rule of law requires that the government follow due process when taking actions that affect individuals. This includes the right to a fair trial, the right to be informed of the charges against them, the right to legal representation, and the right to appeal decisions.

(8a)

1. Disillusionment with politics: Some voters may feel that the political process is corrupt or ineffective, and that their vote won't make a difference. This can lead to disillusionment and apathy, and cause them to stay away from the polls.

2. Lack of interest: Some voters may simply not be interested in politics or the issues being discussed during an election. This can lead to low levels of voter turnout, especially among younger or less politically engaged voters.

3. Difficulty accessing the polls: Some voters may face logistical or financial barriers to accessing the polls. For example, they may live far from their polling place, or have transportation issues that make it difficult to get there.

4. Lack of information: Some voters may feel that they do not have enough information about the candidates or the issues to make an informed decision. This can lead to confusion and a sense of frustration, and can cause them to stay away from the polls.

5. Political polarization: In some cases, political polarization and divisiveness can lead to a lack of trust in the political process, and cause some voters to feel that their vote won't matter. This can lead to low levels of voter turnout, especially among those who feel that their political views are not represented.

(8b)

1. Education and Awareness Campaigns: National Orientation Agency can create and implement awareness campaigns that educate citizens about the 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' importance of participating in elections and their civic duty to vote. These campaigns can be in the form of seminars, workshops, town hall meetings, and other public events.

2. Voter Outreach Programs: The Agency can create targeted outreach programs aimed at increasing voter participation among specific populations such as young people, women, and marginalized communities. This can be achieved through targeted media campaigns, social media engagement, and community-based activities.

3. Voter Registration Drives: The Agency can conduct voter registration drives in partnership with relevant stakeholders to ensure that eligible voters are registered and able to participate in elections. This can include door-to-door campaigns, mobile registration units, and online registration platforms.

4. Election Observation and Monitoring: The Agency can engage in election observation and monitoring to ensure that the electoral process is transparent and fair. This can include working with election observers, monitoring voting centers, and reporting on any instances of irregularities or fraud.

5. Encouragement of Political Parties and Candidates to Promote Voter Participation: The Agency can encourage political parties and candidates to make voter participation a central part of their campaigns by incorporating messages about the importance of voting into their political messaging and activities. This can help to increase overall participation and ensure that 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' citizens are engaged in the democratic process.

(9a)

A civil society organization (CSO) is a group of people that operates in the community in a way that is distinct from both government and business.

(9b)

(i)Promotion of democratic values and promotion of political participation.

(ii)Resolution of conflicts and checking and government excesses.

(iii) Facilitate democratic process and  promotion of healthy lifestyle.

(vi) Serve as a source of information to government and they fight corruption.

(vi) Monitor conduct of elections and the use of demonstrations.