2024 NECO FISHERIES: Fisheries (Fishery) NECO Authentic Questions and Answer 2024 (1732)

 (1ai) 

(i) pH regulation: Lime is used to adjust the pH level of the water to a suitable range for fish growth and health.

(ii) Algae control: Lime can help to control the growth of algae, which can be a problem in ponds.

(iii) Nutrient management: Lime can be used to add essential nutrients like calcium into the water that fish need for growth.

(iv) Improved Pond structure: Lime can help to improve the structure of the pond and reduce erosion.

(1aii) 

(i) Aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants, such as fish, shellfish, seaweed, and other aquatic species. 

(ii) Aquaricuture is the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of aquatic animals and plants in a controlled environment for commercial purposes. 

(1bi)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Salting involves the addition of salt alone, while brining is a combination of salt and other ingredients like lemon juice, sugar, spices etc. 

(ii) Salting is usually done to enhance the flavor of the fish, while brining is done to preserve the fish. 

(iii) Salting is done to the outside of the fish, while brining is done to the inside of the fish. 

(iv) Salting takes more time than brining. 

(v) The texture of the fish is affected differently by these two processes. 

(1bii)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Both processes involve the addition of salt. 

(ii) Both processes are used to 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' add flavor to the fish. 

(iii) Both processes are used to preserve the fish. 

(iv) Both processes are used to increase the shelf-life of the fish. 

(1ci)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) High water quality 

(ii) Minimum waste 

(iii) Energy efficiency 

(iv) Automation 

(v) Cost effectiveness 

(1cii)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Earthen ponds have a higher oxygen exchange rate as compared to concrete ponds, allowing for better fish growth. 

(ii) Earthen ponds are better at retaining heat than concrete ponds, allowing for faster growth and maturation of fish. 

(iii) Earthen ponds can naturally filter out harmful substances from the water, which can help to improve the water quality. 

(iv) Earthen ponds are easier and cheaper to maintain than concrete ponds. 

(v) Earthen ponds are more natural looking than concrete ponds, making them more visually appealing. 

(vi) Earthen ponds provide better habitat for beneficial organisms such as bacteria and microalgae which can help to improve the overall ecosystem of the pond.

(2ai)

Diagram

(2aii)

(i)Natural bodies of water like rivers, lakes, or ponds.

(ii)Groundwater from wells or boreholes.

(iii)Rainwater harvesting through ponds or reservoirs.

(2aiii)

Barrage Pond is a type of fish pond constructed by blocking a stream or river's flow with a dam or barrage, creating an enclosed area for fish farming. The water level in the pond is regulated by controlling the gates in the dam, allowing for fish rearing in a controlled environment.

(2aiv)

(i)Both are popular fish species for aquaculture due to their fast growth rates and adaptability to different environmental conditions.

(ii)They are omnivorous, meaning they can eat both plant-based and animal-based food, which makes them relatively easy to feed and manage in fish farming systems.

(4ai)

Fishing is the activity of catching, harvesting, or capturing fish and other aquatic organisms from their natural habitats, usually for commercial, recreational, or subsistence purposes.

(4aii)

(i)Fishing Nets

(ii)Fishing Hooks and Lines

(iii)Fishing Traps

(4aiii)

To calculate the area of the pond in square meters (m^2), We use the formula: Area = Length × Breadth

Given:

Length = 50,000 cm

Breadth = 25,000 cm

First, convert the measurements to meters:

Length = 50,000 cm ÷ 100 cm/m = 500 meters

Breadth = 25,000 cm ÷ 100 cm/m = 250 meters

Now, calculate the area:

Area = 500 meters × 250 meters = 125,000 square meters (m^2)

(4bi)

- Endo-parasite: An endo-parasite is a parasite that lives inside the host's body, such as in organs, tissues, or blood vessels.

- Ecto-parasite: An ecto-parasite is a parasite that lives on the host's body surface, such as the skin, fins, or gills.

(4bii)

(i)Weight loss and reduced growth rate.

(ii)Increased mucus production and skin irritation.

(iii)Abnormal swimming behavior, such as flashing or rubbing against objects.

(iv)Fins clamping or fin erosion.

(v)Presence of visible parasites on the fish's body or gills.

(4biii)

(i)Install a strong and secure fence around the pond to prevent 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' alligator access.

(ii)Implement regular monitoring and surveillance to detect any alligator presence early and take appropriate action.

(iii)Educate and inform people in the area about alligator behavior and safety measures to prevent future incidents.

(4c)

(i)Both are passive fishing gears that rely on fish swimming into them to be captured.

(ii)They are widely used in commercial fishing to catch a variety of fish species and are designed to be efficient in their respective fishing environments.

(5ai) 

Fish preservation involves methods of preventing or slowing down the spoilage of fish after harvest. This can be done through methods like chilling, freezing, salting, smoking, drying, and canning. 

Fish processing, on the other hand, involves the transformation of fish into forms that are ready for consumption or further processing. This includes methods like filleting, skinning, deboning, mincing, and grinding. 

(5aii) 

(PICK ANY 3 ONLY)

- Refrigerators or freezers 

- Coolers or ice boxes 

- Salt 

- Smokehouses 

- Drying racks 

(5aiii) 

- Refrigerators or freezers operate by using a circulating refrigerant gas that absorbs heat from the fish and expels it outside. This leads to a reduction in temperature, which helps to slow down bacterial growth and preserve the fish. 

- Salt is used as a preservation method primarily for fish that are to be cured or dried. The fish is coated with salt, which draws out moisture and creates an environment that is not conducive for microbial growth. 

- Smokehouses are used for smoking fish, which involves exposing it to smoke from burning wood chips. This imparts a distinctive flavor and color to the fish, and also helps to preserve it by slowing down the growth of bacteria and parasites. 

(5bi) 

- Moringa: This is a plant that is commonly used in traditional medicine and as a food 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' source in many parts of the world. The leaves of the moringa tree can be dried and ground into a powder, which can be added to fish feed to boost its nutrient content. Moringa is rich in vitamins, minerals, and protein, and has antioxidant properties that help to improve fish health and growth. 

- Soybean: Soybean meal is a popular ingredient in fish feed due to its high protein content and amino acid composition. Soybean is a plant-based protein source that is easily digestible by fish, and can be used as a substitute for fishmeal, which is a finite resource. 

(5bii) 

- Manual method of fish feeding involves hand-feeding fish at regular intervals. This is usually done in small-scale fish farms or recreational ponds, where the number of fish is manageable. The feed can be delivered directly to the water surface, or scattered over the pond. 

- Feeding frequency refers to the number of times per day that fish are fed. This can vary depending on the species of fish, their age and size, and the conditions of the pond. Generally, fingerlings and juveniles require more frequent feeding than adult fish. Overfeeding can lead to water pollution and disease outbreaks, while underfeeding can result in stunted growth and poor health. 

(5c) 

- Both plastic ponds and tarpaulin ponds are types of portable or temporary fish ponds that can be easily set up and dismantled. 

- They are both made from lightweight and durable 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' materials that are resistant to punctures, tears, and UV damage. This makes them ideal for outdoor use, especially in areas where land is scarce or expensive.