2024 NECO GCE GEOGRAPHY: NECO GCE Geography (Geo) 2025 Legit Answers (9808)

(5a)

Underground water is the water that exists beneath the Earth's surface, stored in the tiny spaces between soil particles and cracks in rock formations. It is a critical part of the water cycle and is often found in aquifers, where it can be extracted for use through wells or springs.

(5b)

(i) Permeable rocks are types of rocks that allow water to flow through them due to the presence of interconnected pores or spaces within their structure. These rocks act as natural reservoirs, storing water underground in formations known as aquifers. The permeability of the rock depends on the size and connectivity of the pores or fractures. Examples of permeable rocks include sandstone, limestone, and gravel.

(ii) Impermeable rock refers to rock formations that do not allow water or other fluids to pass through them because they lack interconnected pores or fractures. These rocks act as natural barriers, preventing the movement of groundwater. Common examples of impermeable rocks include clay, shale, and granite.

(5c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Amount of rainfall or precipitation.

(ii) Permeability of the soil and rock layers.

(iii) Rate of water extraction for human use.

(iv) Topography or relief of the land.

(v) Seasonal variations.

(vi) Vegetation 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' cover.

(vii) Geological structure.

(6a)

Glacial action refers to the processes by which glaciers shape the Earth's surface through the movement of ice. This includes the erosion of rocks and soil, the transportation of debris, and the deposition of sediments as glaciers advance and retreat.

(6b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Cirques: Cirques are bowl-shaped hollows carved into mountainsides by the erosive action of glaciers. These form at the heads of glaciers, where ice accumulation and rotational movement erode the rock beneath. Over time, they become deep and steep, often containing small lakes known as tarns after the glacier melts.  

(ii) Aretes: Aretes are sharp, knife-edge ridges formed between two adjacent glacial valleys or cirques. They result from the erosion of two glaciers on either side of a mountain, leaving a narrow ridge.  

(iii) U-shaped valleys: Unlike the V-shaped valleys formed by rivers, glaciers carve wide, flat-bottomed valleys with steep sides, resulting in a U-shaped cross-section. These valleys are created as the glacier moves downhill, grinding and eroding the valley floor and walls.  

(iv) Horns: Horns are sharp, pyramid-shaped peaks that form when glaciers erode several sides of a mountain. An example is the Matterhorn in the Alps, where cirques on multiple sides of a mountain meet to create a sharp summit.  

(v) Glacial Troughs: These are deep and steep-sided valleys formed by the downward movement 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' of glaciers. As the ice erodes the landscape, it removes obstacles, deepening and widening the valley.  

(vi) Rock Steps and Basins: These are uneven valley floors created as a glacier erodes softer rocks more deeply than harder ones, forming steps and depressions. These depressions can later fill with water, forming ribbon lakes.

(6c)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Hydraulic action

(ii) Abrasion

(iii) Attrition

(iv) Solution

(7a)

(PICK ANY ONE)

Vegetation refers to the collective plant life found in a specific area or region, which includes all types of plants, including trees, shrubs, grasses, and mosses, and is shaped by environmental factors such as climate, soil, altitude, and human activity.

OR

Vegetation is the natural plant life that grows in a specific region, encompassing various types of plants such as forests, grasslands, and shrubs, influenced by environmental factors like climate, soil, and topography.

(7b)

(7ci)

Mangrove:

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Found along coastal areas, estuaries, and river deltas.

(ii) Dominated by mangrove trees with stilt or prop roots.

(iii) Waterlogged, saline, and muddy soils.

(iv) Supports diverse aquatic and bird species.

(v) Plants are salt-tolerant and adapted to tidal flooding.

(7cii) 

Guinea Savannah:

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Found in the middle belt of West Africa between the rainforest and Sudan savannah.

(ii) Comprises tall grasses with scattered trees like baobabs and shea trees.

(iii) Experiences distinct wet and dry seasons.

(iv) Fertile but prone to erosion due to sparse tree cover.

(v) Suitable for agriculture and grazing livestock.

(8a)

(PICK ANY ONE)

Geographic data refers to information that identifies the location and characteristics of features on the Earth's surface. This data is often represented using coordinates (latitude and longitude) and can include both natural and man-made features. It is commonly used in mapping, geographic information systems (GIS), and spatial analysis.

OR

Geographic data is data that represents the location, shape, and relationship of physical and human-made features on Earth. It is used to map, analyze, and understand spatial phenomena by combining coordinates with descriptive information.

(8b)  

(i) Maps:

Maps are traditional and foundational sources of geographical data used in GIS. They provide a visual representation of spatial information such as topography, land use, political boundaries, and transportation networks. There are different types of maps, such as topographic maps, thematic maps, and cadastral maps. In GIS, they are digitized for spatial analysis.

(ii) Satellite Images:

Satellite images are digital images of Earth's surface captured by orbiting satellites. They provide real-time, accurate, and large-scale geographical data. Satellite images are highly valuable in GIS for their high spatial resolution, temporal data, and multispectral data. Relevant information from Satellite images are integrated with other geospatial data for 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' mapping and modeling.

(8c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Geographic data represents spatial locations. 

(ii) Geographic data also includes non-spatial attributes measured at certain times. 

(iii) Spatial data can include geometric shapes like lines or polygons. 

(iv) Spatial data can include descriptions of a particular geographic feature. 

(v) Spatial data can include images presented in the form of rasters (a grid of pixels). 

(vi) Geographic data often has a temporal dimension