2024 WAEC GCE SECOND SERIES (NOV.) BIOLOGY: WAEC GCE 2nd Series (Nov.) Biology (Bio) 2025 Legit Answers (5070)

(1ai)
(i) Metamerically segmented body
(ii) An exoskeleton of chitin
(iii) Jointed appendages
(iv) Bilateral symmetrical body

(1aii)
(i) Wings
(ii) A pair of antennae

(1b)
(i) Thistle funnel
(ii) Semi-permeable membrane (e.g. cellophane)
(iii) Beaker
(iv) Sugar and water

(1c)
Length of drawing = Actual length x magnification
= 10cm x 1½
= 10 x 3/2
= 15cm

(1di)
(i) Title
(ii) Magnification
(iii) Clear lines
(iv) Labels

(1dii)
(i) Anterior view
(ii) Posterior view
(iii) Lateral view

(2a)
The faces of lizards are more solid than those of mammals because lizards have a different skull structure. Lizards have a solid, bony skull with fused bones, whereas mammals have a more flexible skull with movable bones. This is because lizards do not need to chew their food as much as mammals do, so they do not require the same level of jaw mobility.

(2b)
(i)Saliva (produced by the salivary glands)
(ii)Gastric juice (produced by the stomach)
(iii)Pancreatic juice (produced by the pancreas)
(iv)Bile (produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder)
(v)Intestinal juice (produced by the small intestine)

(2c)
(i)Pepsin (stomach) and pepsinogen (pancreas)
(ii)Gastric amylase (stomach) and pancreatic amylase (pancreas)
(iii)Trypsin (stomach) and trypsinogen (pancreas)

(2di)
(i)Both are 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' biological molecules: Hormones and enzymes are both made up of proteins or other biological molecules.
(ii)Both have specific functions: Hormones and enzymes both have specific roles to play in the body, such as regulating metabolism or digesting food.
(iii)Both are highly specific: Hormones and enzymes are both highly specific in their actions, with each one targeting a specific cell, tissue, or biochemical reaction.

(2dii)
TABULATE!
(i)Hormones are produced and secreted by endocrine glands, such as the pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Enzymes are produced and secreted by various cells and tissues throughout the body.
(ii)Hormones bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering a response. Enzymes, on the other hand, bind to specific substrates, converting them into products.
(iii)Hormones can be proteins steroids, or amino acids. Enzymes are typically proteins.

(2e)
(i) Glucose: 1 molecule
(ii) Water: 6 molecules
(iii) Oxygen: 6 molecules

(3ai)
Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. It examines how living things interact with each other and with the non-living components of their environment, such as air, water, and soil.

(3aii)
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms) interacting with each other and with their physical environment. The components of an ecosystem are interdependent and form a complex web of relationships.

(3aiii)
The biosphere is the part of the Earth’s environment that supports life. It includes all the living organisms on the planet, as well as the physical environment they inhabit, such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

(3bi)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Producers
(ii) Consumers
(iii) Decomposers
(iv) Abiotic factors

(3bii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Producers: Organisms that can synthesize their own food, usually through photosynthesis, and form the base of the food chain.
(ii) Consumers: Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms, either directly (herbivores) or indirectly (carnivores and omnivores).
(iii) Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the environment for reuse by producers.
(iv) Abiotic factors: The physical and chemical components of the environment, such as water, air, soil, and sunlight, which provide the necessary resources and conditions for life.

(3ci)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) High species diversity
(ii) Lush vegetation and dense canopy
(iii) Warm and humid climate year-round
(iv) High rainfall (typically over 2,000 mm per year)
(v) Nutrient-poor soil
(vi) Vertical stratification of the vegetation

(3cii)
(PICK 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' ANY TWO)
(i) Tall, straight trunks to reach the canopy and compete for sunlight
(ii) Broad, flat leaves to maximize light absorption for photosynthesis
(iii) Buttress roots to provide stability in the shallow, nutrient-poor soil
(iv) Ability to shed leaves during the dry season to conserve water
(v) Bark that is resistant to fire and pests
(vi) Seed dispersal mechanisms

(4ai)
Organic evolution refers to the process by which species of living organisms change over time through variations in traits, inheritance, and natural selection. It is the gradual development of new species from common ancestors through genetic changes and adaptation to their environment.

(4aii)
(i) Fossil Record
(ii) Comparative Anatomy
(iii) Embryology
(iv) Molecular Biology
(v) Biogeography

(4bi)
The Theory of Use and Disuse suggests that body parts or organs that are used frequently become stronger and more developed, while those that are not used may diminish or disappear over generations. The idea is that environmental demands lead to the development or reduction of certain features based on their utility

(4bii)
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

(4biii)
(i) Giraffes
(ii) Aquatic organisms (like amphibians and their legs)

(4c)
Mutation refers to a sudden, random change in the genetic material (DNA) of an organism. Mutations introduce new genetic variations in a population. Some mutations are beneficial, giving organisms a survival advantage and thus increasing the likelihood of passing on these traits to future generations. Over time, these beneficial mutations accumulate and contribute to the evolution of new species

(4d)
(i) Aestivation: Lizard
(ii) Basking: Bat
(iii) Territoriality: Monkey
(iv) Hibernation: Polar bear

(5a)
(i) Kills the protoplasm of the leaf and stops all enzyme activities in the cells.
(ii) To extract the chlorophyll from the leaf.
(iii) To distribute equal heat uniformly in the leaf.
(iv) To soften the tissues.

(5bi)
Courtship behaviour in animals consists of instinctive behaviours in response to certain external stimuli.

(5bii)
(i) Pairing
(ii) Display
(iii) Territoriality