2024 NECO DATA PROCESSING: NECO Data Processing (Data pro) 2025 Legit Questions and Answers (1837)

(1ai)

A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database. It ensures data consistency, integrity, and security while supporting multiple user access and complex querying capabilities.

(1aii) 

(i) It reduces data redundancy and inconsistency.
(ii) It enhances data integrity and security.
(iv) There is improved flexibility of information systems.

(1bi)

Conceptual; Conceptual data modeling is the first step in organizing the data requirements. It identifies the highest-level relationships between different entities. It specifies the kinds of facts or propositions that can be expressed using the model and defines the allowed expressions in an artificial language with a scope that is limited by the scope of the model.

(1bii)

Logical; Logical data modeling illustrates the specific entities, attributes, and relationships involved in a business function. It serves as the basis for the creation of the physical data model. This consists of descriptions of (for example) tables, columns, object-oriented classes, and XML tags.

(1biii)

Physical; Physical data modeling represents an application and database-specific implementation of a logical data model and describes the physical means used to store data. This involves partitions, CPUs, tablespaces, etc.

(2ai)

Log files are used to record events that occur within a computer system, application, or program, which can be used for investigating security incidents.

(2aii)

A firewall is a computer network security system that restricts internet traffic into or out of, or within, a private network. It is typically intended to help prevent malicious activity and prevent anyone inside or outside a private network from engaging in unauthorized web activities.

(2b)

(i) Corrective
(ii) Perfective
(iii) Adaptive
(iv) Preventative

EXPLANATIONS;

(i) Corrective software maintenance involves developing and deploying solutions to problems 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' ("bugs") that arise during use of a software program. E.g., error messages on the screen or program freezing.

(ii) Preventative software maintenance involves trying to prevent problems with software programs before they occur. Computer programmers test software to make sure it can handle high data loads and other stresses. It operates without problems or not have compatibility issues with other programs.

(3ai) 

A workbook is a file or book in spreadsheet applications, such as Excel, comprising one or more worksheets. Each worksheet can contain data, formulas, charts, and various sorts of related information for analysis and organization.

(3aii) 

(i) The homepage feature
(ii) Web design features

(3bi)
(IN TABULAR FORM)

-Parallel OS-
(i) Many operations can be performed simultaneously.
(ii) It may have shared or distributed memory.

-Distributed OS-
(i) The various components are located at different locations.
(ii) It has only distributed memory.

(3bii)

A determinant is any attribute in a database table that can be used to determine the values assigned to other attributes in the same row. For example, in a database of employees, the "employee ID number" (determinant) would determine the employee’s name, address, and other personal information.

(4ai) 

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) A workbook is a file containing one or more worksheets, whereas a worksheet is a single sheet within a workbook.
(ii) A workbook is the entire document that can contain multiple sheets, while a worksheet is a single tab or page where data is entered and organized.
(iii) Workbooks are saved as separate files, while worksheets are contained within a workbook file.
(iv) Workbooks can contain a collection of related data and analysis tools, while worksheets are used to organize and manipulate data on a single page.
(v) Workbooks provide a platform for organizing and managing multiple sets of data, while worksheets focus on specific data sets or calculations.
(vi) Workbooks can be shared and collaborated on by multiple users, while individual worksheets within a workbook can be protected or hidden.

(4aii)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Creating slideshows for business or academic presentations.
(ii) Designing visual aids for lectures, seminars, and workshops.
(iii) Developing marketing materials such as product presentations or sales pitches.
(iv) Sharing information in a visually engaging format during meetings or conferences.
(v) Collaborating on group projects by creating and editing slides together.
(vi) Creating interactive and multimedia-rich presentations for engaging and informing audiences.

(4bi) 

-Compact Disk (CD)-

(i) Optical storage medium.
(ii) Read-only or rewritable.
(iii) Typically larger in size compared to flash drives.
(iv) Limited storage capacity ranging from 700 MB to 1.4 GB.
(v) Used for storing and playing music, software, and data backups.
(vi) Requires a CD drive for reading and writing data.

-Flash Drive-

(i) Solid-state storage device.
(ii) Rewritable and portable.
(iii) Compact and lightweight, available in various sizes and shapes.
(iv) Higher storage capacities ranging from a few gigabytes to terabytes.
(v) Used for storing, transferring, and backing up files, software, and multimedia content.
(vi) Plugs directly into USB ports for data transfer.

(4bii)

(i) First Normal Form (1NF)
(ii) Second Normal Form (2NF)

Explanation

(PICK ANY ONE)

(i) First Normal Form (1NF): In 1NF, each attribute in a table must contain atomic values, meaning each field must hold a single value and cannot be further divided. This eliminates repeating groups and ensures data integrity by organizing data into distinct and unambiguous entities.
(ii) Second Normal Form (2NF): 2NF builds on 1NF by ensuring that each non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on the primary key. This means that each non-key attribute must be dependent on the entire primary key, not just part of it, to prevent partial dependencies and maintain data consistency.

(5ai) 

(i) A solid layout: In web design, the foundation is your layout. Laying out a web design involves placing all the content and navigational elements. The most important elements are given prominence, determined by how the audience is perceived to use the site.

(ii) Effective typography: Typography plays an important role in how a user digests the content of a website. It is important for a web design’s typography to be easy to read and follow while establishing structure and hierarchy within the content.

(5aii)

(i) To build a professional website.
(ii) Used to enhance the functionality of a website.

(5bi)

Information transmission is the process of sending and receiving information or data from one location to another using various means to ensure accurate and timely communication at a certain point.

(5bii)

(i) Visuals (e.g., newspaper)
(ii) Audio (e.g., radio, telephone)
(iii) Audio-visual (e.g., television)

(6ai)

Chat room: A chat room is an online platform or virtual space where multiple users can engage in real-time text-based communication. Users can join different chat rooms based on topics of interest or create private chat rooms for group discussions or one-on-one conversations.

(6aii)

Cookie: A cookie is a small piece of data stored on a user’s device by a website they visit. Cookies are used to track user behavior, store login credentials, personalize user experiences, and remember user preferences for future visits. They help websites provide customized content and improve usability.

(6aiii)

Telnet: Telnet is a network protocol used to establish a remote connection to a computer or server over a network. It allows users to access a command-line interface on a remote host and execute commands as if they were physically present at the remote location.

(6aiv) 

FTP: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server on a computer network. It allows users to upload, download, and manage files securely over the internet.

(6b) 

(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) .com (commercial)
(ii) .org (organization)
(iii) .net (network)
(iv) .edu (education)
(v) .gov (government)
(vi) .int (international organizations)