2024 WAEC GCE SECOND SERIES (NOV.) AGRICULTURE: NECO GCE Agriculture (Agric) 2025 Legit Answers (9872)

(1ai) 

VETERINARY MEDICINE:

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Improvement of animal breeding through artificial insemination and genetic advancements.

(ii) Control of zoonotic diseases, ensuring the safety of meat and dairy products.

(iii) Enhanced productivity through regular vaccination programs.

(iv) Provision of veterinary extension services to farmers for better livestock management.

(v) Reduction of livestock mortality rates, increasing food availability.

(vi) Improvement of feed efficiency in animals through health monitoring.

(1aii) 

SOIL SCIENCE:

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Development of organic farming practices to reduce chemical dependence.

(ii) Improvement of soil structure through scientific tillage and management.

(iii) Study and mitigation of soil erosion, ensuring sustained productivity.

(iv) Promotion of crop rotation systems to prevent nutrient depletion.

(v) Identification of suitable soil types for specific crops to optimize yield.

(vi) Implementation of soil reclamation projects to convert barren lands into arable ones.

(1bi)

UNPREDICTABLE CLIMATE:

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Construction of dams and water reservoirs for better water management.

(ii) Adoption of climate-smart agricultural techniques (e.g., agroforestry).

(iii) Establishment of weather monitoring and early warning systems.

(iv) 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' Provision of government subsidies for irrigation and adaptive technologies.

(v) Training farmers on modern weather adaptation strategies.

(vi) Encouragement of mixed cropping to reduce crop failure risks.

(1bii)

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION:

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Enforcement of environmental protection laws to reduce deforestation.

(ii) Promotion of organic farming to minimize chemical pollution.

(iii) Recycling agricultural waste to improve soil quality.

(iv) Advocacy for reduced overgrazing by promoting rotational grazing systems.

(v) Education of farmers on the importance of sustainable practices.

(vi) Incentives for farmers to adopt renewable energy sources for agricultural operations.

(1c)

*Plz put this in a Tabular form*

(i) Spring - Acts as a shock absorber to protect the plough from damage caused by obstacles like stones.

(ii) Standard - Connects the beam to the disc and provides structural support.

(iii) Furrow Wheel - Maintains balance and regulates the depth of the ploughing operation.

(iv) Beam - Serves as the main framework, holding all other parts of the disc plough together.

(1d)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Limited access to machinery in rural areas due to poor infrastructure.

(ii) Dependence on imported machines, leading to high costs and delays.

(iii) Difficulty in repairing machines due to 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' unavailability of spare parts.

(iv) Reduction of employment opportunities for manual laborers.

(v) Challenges posed by inadequate fuel supply for operating machinery.

(vi) Potential damage to ecosystems, such as loss of biodiversity from large-scale mechanized farming.

(2a)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Land fragmentation due to division among heirs.  

(ii). Disputes among family members over land allocation.  

(iii) Inequitable distribution of land among heirs.  

(iv) Lack of incentives for long-term land improvements.  

(v) Difficulty accessing loans due to unclear ownership.  

(vi) Decreased productivity from small, scattered plots.  

(vii) Exclusion of certain heirs, such as women, in some traditions.  

(2b)

(PICK ANY FOUR )

(i) Creation of employment opportunities.  

(ii) Processing agricultural products adds value and reduces post-harvest losses.  

(iii) Encourages the development of rural areas.  

(iv) Provides raw materials for other industries.  

(v) Enhances foreign exchange earnings through export of processed goods.  

(vi) Promotes industrial growth and economic development.  

(vii) Facilitates the adoption of modern agricultural technologies.  

(viii) Reduces dependency on imported agricultural products.  

(2c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Ensure animals are healthy and well-fed before use.  

(ii) Use the appropriate harness to avoid injury to the animals.  

(iii) Avoid overworking the animals, especially in hot weather.  

(iv) Ensure the soil is not too wet or too dry to prevent compaction or equipment damage.  

(v) Maintain 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' the plough to ensure it is in good working condition.  

(vi) Train the animals properly for efficient ploughing.  

(vii) Plough along the contour to prevent soil erosion.  

(viii) Provide adequate rest for the animals during ploughing.  

(2d)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Proximity of essential facilities to save time and labor.  

(ii) Proper drainage to prevent waterlogging and soil erosion.  

(iii) Adequate spacing for ventilation and future expansion.  

(iv) Accessibility of roads and paths for easy movement of machinery and produce.

(v) Separation of residential areas from livestock pens to maintain hygiene.  

(vi) Placement of storage facilities in secure, accessible locations.  

(vii) Provision of shade and shelter for workers and animals.  

(viii) Use of windbreaks to protect the farmstead from strong winds.

(3a)

[PLS TABULATE YOUR ANSWER]

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i)

-Sedimentary rock: 

Formed from sediment deposition and compaction. 

-Metamorphic rock:

Formed from the transformation of existing rocks under heat and pressure.

(ii) 

-Sedimentary rock: Typically soft and layered. 

-Metamorphic rock: Harder with a crystalline structure

(iii) 

-Sedimentary rocks: Often contains fossils.

-Metamorphic : Does not contain fossils.

(iv) 

-Sedimentary: Found in layers or strata.

-Metamorphic:Layers are often distorted or absent

(3b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Poor water retention.

(ii) Good drainage.

(iii) Loose and light texture.

(iv) Low nutrient-holding capacity

(v) Large particle size.

(vi) Low cation exchange capacity.

(vii) Susceptible to erosion.

(viii) Allows easy root penetration

(3c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Increases crop yield by providing consistent water supply.

(ii) Improves growth during dry seasons.

(iii) Facilitates multiple cropping.

(iv) Reduces the risk of crop failure due to drought.

(v) Enhances soil salinity if overused.

(vi) Promotes growth in arid regions.

(vii) Improves uniformity in water supply to crops.

(viii) Can lead to waterborne diseases if not properly 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' managed.

(3d)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Overgrazing.

(ii) Deforestation.

(iii) Continuous tilling or ploughing along slopes.

(iv) Cultivating crops on steep slopes without terracing.

(v) Monocropping over several years.

(vi) Burning of vegetation during land clearing.

(vii) Leaving farmlands bare without cover crops.

(viii) Over-cultivation without crop rotation or fallowing.

(5ai) 

Supplying: This is the practice of replanting seeds or seedlings in spots where initial planting failed to ensure uniform crop establishment.

(ii) Thinning: This is the process of removing excess plants from a specific area to reduce competition and allow the remaining plants to grow better.

(iii) Transplanting: This is the act of moving young seedlings from a nursery to their permanent growing location in the field.

(5bi) 

Land Preparation: Clear the land of weeds and debris. Plow the soil to loosen it for planting, followed by harrowing to create a fine tilth.  

(5bii) 

Soil Requirement: Maize thrives in well-drained, fertile loamy or sandy-loam soil with a pH of 5.5 to 7.0.  

(5biii) 

Method of Propagation: Maize is propagated through seeds

(5biv) 

Planting Date: Plant maize at the start of the rainy season, typically between March and May.  

(5bv) 

Two Cultural Practices:

(i) Weeding:

(ii) Crop Rotation 

(5ci) 

Yam:

(i) Yam beetle  

(ii) Nematodes  

(5cii) Cowpea:

(i) Pod borer  

(ii) Aphids

(7ai) 

Rangeland refers to vast natural grasslands, shrublands, or savannas that are used for grazing livestock or wildlife. These areas are primarily dominated by native vegetation suitable for animal grazing and browsing

(7aii)

Overgrazing occurs when animals graze a specific area excessively, depleting vegetation and reducing the land's productivity. In the other hand, overstocking refers to keeping more animals on a piece of rangeland than it can sustain, leading to long-term degradation of vegetation and soil

(7b)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) The rumen provides an environment for microbes to break down fibrous plant materials like cellulose.  

(ii) Volatile fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced during fermentation and provide energy to the animal.  

(ii) Microorganisms in the rumen produce protein that is later digested in the stomach.  

(iii) The rumen absorbs nutrients like volatile fatty acids and water directly into the bloodstream.  

(iv) It acts as a temporary storage for ingested feed, allowing gradual fermentation.  

(v) The rumen facilitates regurgitation of feed for re-chewing, which aids in digestion 

(7c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Blinking of the eyes.  

(ii) Sneezing.  

(iii) Coughing.  

(iv) 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' Shivering.  

(v) Kicking in response to irritation.  

(vi) Withdrawal of a limb when exposed to pain.

(7di) One causative organism: 

Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV)

(7dii) One mode of transmission: 

Direct contact with infected animals through saliva, milk or urine.

(7diii) Two symptoms:

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Fever.  

(ii) Blisters or vesicles on the tongue, mouth, feet, and teats.  

(iii) Excessive salivation and drooling.  

(iv) Lameness due to lesions on the hooves.

(7div) One control measures:  

(PICK ANY ONE)

(i) Vaccination of animals against FMD.  

(ii) Isolation and quarantine of infected animals to prevent spread.

(4a)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Waterlogging of farmland.

(ii) Increased soil erosion.

(iii) Leaching of soil nutrients.

(iv) Flooding that destroys crops and infrastructure.

(v) Spread of waterborne plant diseases.

(vi) Delayed harvesting due to waterlogged fields.

(vii) Decrease in crop quality due to excess moisture.

(viii) Difficulty in using machinery in flooded fields.

(4b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) and leguminous plants.

(ii) Lichens (algae and fungi).

(iii) Termites and protozoa in their guts.

(iv) Mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots

(v) Bees and flowering plants (pollination).

(vi) Clownfish and sea anemones.

(vii) Ants and acacia trees.

(viii) Cleaner fish and larger fish (e.g., sharks).

(4c)

Plutonic rocks are formed beneath the Earth's surface through slow cooling over thousands to millions of years, resulting in coarse-grained textures, as seen in granite and diorite.

In the other hand, Volcanic rocks, on the other hand, are formed above the Earth's surface through rapid cooling, often in minutes or hours, resulting in fine-grained or glassy textures, as seen in basalt and obsidian.

(4d)

(i) Potassium:

(PICK ANY TWO)

-Yellowing or browning of leaf tips and edges.

-Weak stems.

-Reduced resistance to diseases.

(ii) 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' Calcium:

(PICK ANY TWO)

-Blossom-end rot in fruits.

-Stunted shoot and root growth.

-Deformed or curled leaves.

-Poor root growth.

(iii) Magnesium:

(PICK ANY TWO) 

(i) Yellowing of older leaves first.

(ii) Poor photosynthesis and growth.

(iii) Interveinal chlorosis (yellowing of leaves between veins).

(iv) Premature leaf drop.

(10ai)

Agricultural marketing refers to the series of activities involved in moving agricultural products from the farm to the final consumer. This includes harvesting, storage, transportation, grading, packaging, and selling.

(10aii) 

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Compliance with international quality standards.  

(ii) Proper packaging to ensure safety during transit.  

(iii) Obtain necessary export permits and certifications.  

(iv) Use appropriate transportation to maintain crop freshness and quality.

(10bi) 

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Lack of awareness or education about the benefits of the innovation.  

(ii) High cost of adopting the new technology.  

(iii) Resistance to change and preference for traditional methods.  

(iv) Limited access to resources or credit facilities to invest in new methods.  

(v) Fear of failure or loss from untested technologies.  

(vi) Poor extension services or lack of government support.

(10bii) 

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Slower dissemination of the modern method among farmers.  

(ii) Reduced productivity and efficiency in palm fruit processing.  

(iii) Limited competitive advantage in the agricultural market.  

(iv) Increased reliance on outdated and inefficient techniques.  

(v) Delayed economic growth in the agricultural 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' sector.

(10c) 

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Low awareness among farmers about the benefits of agricultural insurance.  

(ii) High cost of premiums, making it unaffordable for small-scale farmers.  

(iii) Delays in processing claims after damages or losses.  

(iv) Insufficient coverage for all types of agricultural risks.  

(v) Poor penetration of insurance companies in rural areas.