2024 WAEC GCE SECOND SERIES (NOV.) GOVERNMENT: 2024 WAEC GCE Second Series GOVERNMENT ANSWERS (8133)

(1a)

sovereign state is a political entity that is represented by one centralized government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states.

(1b)

(i)Population; There’s no state without a population. Population is a key element of any state, it refers to the number of people within a state. Simply put, it is impossible to have a state without population.

(ii)Territory; There cannot be a state that has no territory, which is separated from other states. The boundaries between states should be guarded well to prevent international interference and keep the states sovereign. Territories of states have precise boundaries on the map.

(iii)Permanence; The state is always permanent, no matter what the government is and how it changes with time. Permanence is the factor that helps the state develop in its own independent way.

(iv)Recognition; The territory that’s called a state should be recognized by other states and all the existing international organizations. The international recognition prevents the breaking out of wars, violation of boundaries, and other interference in the life of 'copied from e x a m p l a z a . c o m free' the state.

(2a)

i) The constitution guarantees fundamental rights to the citizens for their social, economic, and political welfare.

ii) In a democracy, the constitution ensures that the dominant group does not use power against less powerful groups.

iii) In a democratic state,  Constitution tells us what the fundamental nature of our society is. 

iv) It lays down limits on the powers of the government.

v) It specifies how the government will be constituted.

(4)

(i)Pressure groups are a vital link between the government and the governed. They keep governments more responsive to the wishes of the community, especially in between elections.

(ii) Pressure groups are able to express the views of minority groups in the community who might not otherwise receive a hearing.

(iii)Pressure groups are able to use their expertise to provide the government with important information. This has often been the argument in relation to motoring organisations such as the RACQ. It is also applicable to issues such as Indigenous reconciliation.

(iv)Pressure groups offer an alternative source of advice to the government, separate from that coming from the Public Service.

(v)Pressure groups generally promote opportunities for political participation for citizens, without the need to join a political party. Moreover, they allow for the democratic rights of freedom of speech, assembly and association to be upheld.

(6)
(i)Igbo political system was acephalous. There was no specific head in most of the Igbo communities. Whereas, Yoruba political system was monocephalous. Each Yoruba community had a head An Oba or a Baale.

(ii)Igbo people adopted gerontocracy as the Council of Elders effectively took up the functions of managing the affairs of the state. While monarchy was in place among Yoruba people.

(iii)Being a monarchy, the leadership transition was through heredity. Most times, a child of the deposed, abdicated or dead Oba succeeded him. Whereas, Igbo system was typically Republican. Neither Ofo nor Ozo title was attained through heredity, but through age and wealth.

(iv)Igbo political system emphasized egalitarianism, age and persuasions. While Yoruba political system was characterized by political power, legitimacy and check and balances.

(v)among the Igbo communities where each community was totally autonomous. While many Yoruba kingdoms regarded Oyo as their political headquarters.

(8)
(i) The executive council known as the Council of Ministers consisted of the Governor-General, three official members, three Ministers from each region and one member from Southern Cameroon.

(ii) The executive council in Northern Region was made up of three ex – officio members and thirteen ministers of who eight were charged with responsibilities.

(iii) The post of a speaker and deputy speaker were created in the Eastern and Western regions. The House of Assembly in the Eastern Region has no official or special members.

(iv) Members of the House of representative were elected from the regions on direct election. The Northern Region had ninety-two; Southern Cameroon six and Lagos two members.

(v) Members of the House of representative were made up of 184 directly elected members, a speaker and three ex-officio members; the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary and the Attorney General.